ESS2.D: Weather and Climate

In this video Paul Andersen describes both weather and climate.  Weather is the day-to-day conditions on the Earth's surface, including temperature, wind, humidity, air pressure, and precipitation.  Climate are the long term conditions on the Earth's surface.  Both climate and weather are determined by sunlight, water, landforms and life forms.  A K-12 teaching progression is also included.

ESS2.C: The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes

In this video Paul Andersen explains the vital role that water plays in the processes on the Earth's surface.  Water has several unique properties including high heat capacity, transparency, polarity and the ability to change the chemical behavior of the mantle.  The Earth is largely a water planet but most of the water is found in the oceans or locked in ice.  Water is a powerful erosive force on the planet.  A K-12 teaching progression is also included.
 

CCC2: Cause and Effect

In this video Paul Andersen explains cause and effect its importance in science and engineering.  He starts by addressing the chain of interactions that must be present to show cause and effect.  He addresses the assumptions of universality and scale in determining cause and effect.  He finished the video with a progression of instruction from K-12.
 

SEP3: Planning and Carrying Out Investigations

Paul Andersen explains how investigations are used by scientists to answer questions and by engineers to test designs.  He delineates be investigative and observational science.  He demonstrates the formation of a good question the design of an effective investigation.